nav2中amcl没有正常发布map->odom的TF变换

[liang0706]

您好，以下是我的问题描述，恳请各位看一下，是我配置文件，哪里出了问题？ 有些疏忽没有注意到

环境描述

实体小车、 ubuntu24.04、 ros2-jazzy

问题描述：

在使用nav2时amcl没有正常发布map->odom的变换,导致日志中显示:

[component_container_isolated-1] [INFO] [1722479581.777346684] [global_costmap.global_costmap]: Timed out waiting for transform from base_link to map to become available, tf error: Invalid frame ID "map" passed to canTransform argument target_frame - frame does not exist

具体细节和上下文：

1、小车激光雷达，里程计驱动正常
2、构建的栅格地图信息可正常加载（如图1）
3、amcl可正常进行生命周期管理（如图2 ）
4、amcl显示可正常订阅map话题（如图3）
5、amcl生命周期显示正在激活状态（如图4）
6、静态图层订阅/map话题（如图5）

7、具体报错信息（INFO级别）（如图6）

8、TF树（未发布map->odom的变换信息）、部分话题通讯见图7、8

9、launch和具体params信息如下：

def generate_launch_description():
    # 1. 定位到包的地址
    robot_navigation2_dir = get_package_share_directory('robot_nav')
    nav2_bringup_dir = get_package_share_directory('nav2_bringup')

    # 2. 声明参数，获取配置文件路径
    use_sim_time = LaunchConfiguration('use_sim_time', default='false')
    map_yaml_path = LaunchConfiguration('map', default=os.path.join(robot_navigation2_dir, 'maps', 'map.yaml'))
    nav2_param_path = LaunchConfiguration('params_file', default=os.path.join(robot_navigation2_dir, 'param', 'robot_params.yaml'))

    # 3. 声明启动launch文件，传入：地图路径、是否使用仿真时间以及nav2参数文件
    nav2_bringup_launch = IncludeLaunchDescription(
        PythonLaunchDescriptionSource([nav2_bringup_dir, '/launch', '/bringup_launch.py']),
        launch_arguments={
            'map': map_yaml_path,
            'use_sim_time': use_sim_time,
            'params_file': nav2_param_path
        }.items(),
    )

amcl:
  ros__parameters:
    alpha1: 0.2
    alpha2: 0.2
    alpha3: 0.2
    alpha4: 0.2
    alpha5: 0.2
    base_frame_id: "base_link"
#    base_frame_id: "odom"
    beam_skip_distance: 0.5
    beam_skip_error_threshold: 0.9
    beam_skip_threshold: 0.3
    do_beamskip: false
    global_frame_id: "map"
    lambda_short: 0.1
    laser_likelihood_max_dist: 2.0
    laser_max_range: 100.0
    laser_min_range: -1.0
    laser_model_type: "likelihood_field"
    max_beams: 60
    max_particles: 2000
    min_particles: 500
    odom_frame_id: "odom"
    pf_err: 0.05
    pf_z: 0.99
    recovery_alpha_fast: 0.0
    recovery_alpha_slow: 0.0
    resample_interval: 1
    robot_model_type: "nav2_amcl::DifferentialMotionModel"
    save_pose_rate: 0.5
    sigma_hit: 0.2
    tf_broadcast: true
    transform_tolerance: 1.0
    update_min_a: 0.2
    update_min_d: 0.25
    z_hit: 0.5
    z_max: 0.05
    z_rand: 0.5
    z_short: 0.05
    scan_topic: scan

bt_navigator:
  ros__parameters:
    global_frame: map
    robot_base_frame: base_link
    odom_topic: /odom
    bt_loop_duration: 10
    default_server_timeout: 20
    wait_for_service_timeout: 1000
    action_server_result_timeout: 900.0
    navigators: ["navigate_to_pose", "navigate_through_poses"]
    navigate_to_pose:
      plugin: "nav2_bt_navigator::NavigateToPoseNavigator"
    navigate_through_poses:
      plugin: "nav2_bt_navigator::NavigateThroughPosesNavigator"
    # 'default_nav_through_poses_bt_xml' and 'default_nav_to_pose_bt_xml' are use defaults:
    # nav2_bt_navigator/navigate_to_pose_w_replanning_and_recovery.xml
    # nav2_bt_navigator/navigate_through_poses_w_replanning_and_recovery.xml
    # They can be set here or via a RewrittenYaml remap from a parent launch file to Nav2.

    # plugin_lib_names is used to add custom BT plugins to the executor (vector of strings).
    # Built-in plugins are added automatically
    # plugin_lib_names: []

    error_code_names:
      - compute_path_error_code
      - follow_path_error_code

controller_server:
  ros__parameters:
    controller_frequency: 20.0
    min_x_velocity_threshold: 0.001
    min_y_velocity_threshold: 0.5
    min_theta_velocity_threshold: 0.001
    failure_tolerance: 0.3
    progress_checker_plugins: ["progress_checker"]
    goal_checker_plugins: ["general_goal_checker"] # "precise_goal_checker"
    controller_plugins: ["FollowPath"]
    use_realtime_priority: false

    # Progress checker parameters
    progress_checker:
      plugin: "nav2_controller::SimpleProgressChecker"
      required_movement_radius: 0.5
      movement_time_allowance: 10.0
    # Goal checker parameters
    #precise_goal_checker:
    #  plugin: "nav2_controller::SimpleGoalChecker"
    #  xy_goal_tolerance: 0.25
    #  yaw_goal_tolerance: 0.25
    #  stateful: True
    general_goal_checker:
      stateful: True
      plugin: "nav2_controller::SimpleGoalChecker"
      xy_goal_tolerance: 0.25
      yaw_goal_tolerance: 0.25
    FollowPath:
      plugin: "nav2_mppi_controller::MPPIController"
      time_steps: 56
      model_dt: 0.05
      batch_size: 2000
      ax_max: 3.0
      ax_min: -3.0
      ay_max: 3.0
      az_max: 3.5
      vx_std: 0.2
      vy_std: 0.2
      wz_std: 0.4
      vx_max: 0.5
      vx_min: -0.35
      vy_max: 0.5
      wz_max: 1.9
      iteration_count: 1
      prune_distance: 1.7
      transform_tolerance: 0.1
      temperature: 0.3
      gamma: 0.015
      motion_model: "DiffDrive"
      visualize: true
      regenerate_noises: true
      TrajectoryVisualizer:
        trajectory_step: 5
        time_step: 3
      AckermannConstraints:
        min_turning_r: 0.2
      critics: [
        "ConstraintCritic", "CostCritic", "GoalCritic",
        "GoalAngleCritic", "PathAlignCritic", "PathFollowCritic",
        "PathAngleCritic", "PreferForwardCritic"]
      ConstraintCritic:
        enabled: true
        cost_power: 1
        cost_weight: 4.0
      GoalCritic:
        enabled: true
        cost_power: 1
        cost_weight: 5.0
        threshold_to_consider: 1.4
      GoalAngleCritic:
        enabled: true
        cost_power: 1
        cost_weight: 3.0
        threshold_to_consider: 0.5
      PreferForwardCritic:
        enabled: true
        cost_power: 1
        cost_weight: 5.0
        threshold_to_consider: 0.5
      CostCritic:
        enabled: true
        cost_power: 1
        cost_weight: 3.81
        critical_cost: 300.0
        consider_footprint: true
        collision_cost: 1000000.0
        near_goal_distance: 1.0
        trajectory_point_step: 2
      PathAlignCritic:
        enabled: true
        cost_power: 1
        cost_weight: 14.0
        max_path_occupancy_ratio: 0.05
        trajectory_point_step: 4
        threshold_to_consider: 0.5
        offset_from_furthest: 20
        use_path_orientations: false
      PathFollowCritic:
        enabled: true
        cost_power: 1
        cost_weight: 5.0
        offset_from_furthest: 5
        threshold_to_consider: 1.4
      PathAngleCritic:
        enabled: true
        cost_power: 1
        cost_weight: 2.0
        offset_from_furthest: 4
        threshold_to_consider: 0.5
        max_angle_to_furthest: 1.0
        mode: 0
      # TwirlingCritic:
      #   enabled: true
      #   twirling_cost_power: 1
      #   twirling_cost_weight: 10.0

local_costmap:
  local_costmap:
    ros__parameters:
      update_frequency: 5.0
      publish_frequency: 2.0
      global_frame: odom
      robot_base_frame: base_link
      rolling_window: true
      width: 3
      height: 3
      resolution: 0.05
      robot_radius: 0.22
      plugins: ["voxel_layer", "inflation_layer"]
      inflation_layer:
        plugin: "nav2_costmap_2d::InflationLayer"
        cost_scaling_factor: 3.0
        inflation_radius: 0.70
      voxel_layer:
        plugin: "nav2_costmap_2d::VoxelLayer"
        enabled: True
        publish_voxel_map: True
        origin_z: 0.0
        z_resolution: 0.05
        z_voxels: 16
        max_obstacle_height: 2.0
        mark_threshold: 0
        observation_sources: scan
        scan:
          topic: /scan
          max_obstacle_height: 2.0
          clearing: True
          marking: True
          data_type: "LaserScan"
          raytrace_max_range: 3.0
          raytrace_min_range: 0.0
          obstacle_max_range: 2.5
          obstacle_min_range: 0.0
      static_layer:
        plugin: "nav2_costmap_2d::StaticLayer"
        map_subscribe_transient_local: True
      always_send_full_costmap: True

global_costmap:
  global_costmap:
    ros__parameters:
      update_frequency: 1.0
      publish_frequency: 1.0
      global_frame: map
      robot_base_frame: base_link
      robot_radius: 0.22
      resolution: 0.05
      track_unknown_space: true
      plugins: ["static_layer", "obstacle_layer", "inflation_layer"]
      obstacle_layer:
        plugin: "nav2_costmap_2d::ObstacleLayer"
        enabled: True
        observation_sources: scan
        scan:
          topic: /scan
          max_obstacle_height: 2.0
          clearing: True
          marking: True
          data_type: "LaserScan"
          raytrace_max_range: 3.0
          raytrace_min_range: 0.0
          obstacle_max_range: 2.5
          obstacle_min_range: 0.0
      static_layer:
        plugin: "nav2_costmap_2d::StaticLayer"
        map_subscribe_transient_local: True
      inflation_layer:
        plugin: "nav2_costmap_2d::InflationLayer"
        cost_scaling_factor: 3.0
        inflation_radius: 0.25
      always_send_full_costmap: True

# The yaml_filename does not need to be specified since it going to be set by defaults in launch.
# If you'd rather set it in the yaml, remove the default "map" value in the tb3_simulation_launch.py
# file & provide full path to map below. If CLI map configuration or launch default is provided, that will be used.
# map_server:
#   ros__parameters:
#     yaml_filename: ""

map_saver:
  ros__parameters:
    save_map_timeout: 5.0
    free_thresh_default: 0.25
    occupied_thresh_default: 0.65
    map_subscribe_transient_local: True

planner_server:
  ros__parameters:
    expected_planner_frequency: 20.0
    planner_plugins: ["GridBased"]
    GridBased:
      plugin: "nav2_navfn_planner::NavfnPlanner"
      tolerance: 0.5
      use_astar: false
      allow_unknown: true

smoother_server:
  ros__parameters:
    smoother_plugins: ["simple_smoother"]
    simple_smoother:
      plugin: "nav2_smoother::SimpleSmoother"
      tolerance: 1.0e-10
      max_its: 1000
      do_refinement: True

behavior_server:
  ros__parameters:
    local_costmap_topic: local_costmap/costmap_raw
    global_costmap_topic: global_costmap/costmap_raw
    local_footprint_topic: local_costmap/published_footprint
    global_footprint_topic: global_costmap/published_footprint
    cycle_frequency: 10.0
    behavior_plugins: ["spin", "backup", "drive_on_heading", "assisted_teleop", "wait"]
    spin:
      plugin: "nav2_behaviors::Spin"
    backup:
      plugin: "nav2_behaviors::BackUp"
    drive_on_heading:
      plugin: "nav2_behaviors::DriveOnHeading"
    wait:
      plugin: "nav2_behaviors::Wait"
    assisted_teleop:
      plugin: "nav2_behaviors::AssistedTeleop"
    local_frame: odom
    global_frame: map
    robot_base_frame: base_link
    transform_tolerance: 0.1
    simulate_ahead_time: 2.0
    max_rotational_vel: 1.0
    min_rotational_vel: 0.4
    rotational_acc_lim: 3.2

waypoint_follower:
  ros__parameters:
    loop_rate: 20
    stop_on_failure: false
    action_server_result_timeout: 900.0
    waypoint_task_executor_plugin: "wait_at_waypoint"
    wait_at_waypoint:
      plugin: "nav2_waypoint_follower::WaitAtWaypoint"
      enabled: True
      waypoint_pause_duration: 200

velocity_smoother:
  ros__parameters:
    smoothing_frequency: 20.0
    scale_velocities: False
    feedback: "OPEN_LOOP"
    max_velocity: [0.5, 0.0, 2.0]
    min_velocity: [-0.5, 0.0, -2.0]
    max_accel: [2.5, 0.0, 3.2]
    max_decel: [-2.5, 0.0, -3.2]
    odom_topic: "odom"
    odom_duration: 0.1
    deadband_velocity: [0.0, 0.0, 0.0]
    velocity_timeout: 1.0

collision_monitor:
  ros__parameters:
    base_frame_id: "base_link"
    odom_frame_id: "odom"
    cmd_vel_in_topic: "cmd_vel_smoothed"
    cmd_vel_out_topic: "cmd_vel"
    state_topic: "collision_monitor_state"
    transform_tolerance: 0.2
    source_timeout: 1.0
    base_shift_correction: True
    stop_pub_timeout: 2.0
    # Polygons represent zone around the robot for "stop", "slowdown" and "limit" action types,
    # and robot footprint for "approach" action type.
    polygons: ["FootprintApproach"]
    FootprintApproach:
      type: "polygon"
      action_type: "approach"
      footprint_topic: "/local_costmap/published_footprint"
      time_before_collision: 1.2
      simulation_time_step: 0.1
      min_points: 6
      visualize: False
      enabled: True
    observation_sources: ["scan"]
    scan:
      type: "scan"
      topic: "scan"
      min_height: 0.15
      max_height: 2.0
      enabled: True

docking_server:
  ros__parameters:
    controller_frequency: 50.0
    initial_perception_timeout: 5.0
    wait_charge_timeout: 5.0
    dock_approach_timeout: 30.0
    undock_linear_tolerance: 0.05
    undock_angular_tolerance: 0.1
    max_retries: 3
    base_frame: "base_link"
    fixed_frame: "odom"
    dock_backwards: false
    dock_prestaging_tolerance: 0.5

    # Types of docks
    dock_plugins: ['simple_charging_dock']
    simple_charging_dock:
      plugin: 'opennav_docking::SimpleChargingDock'
      docking_threshold: 0.05
      staging_x_offset: -0.7
      use_external_detection_pose: true
      use_battery_status: false # true
      use_stall_detection: false # true

      external_detection_timeout: 1.0
      external_detection_translation_x: -0.18
      external_detection_translation_y: 0.0
      external_detection_rotation_roll: -1.57
      external_detection_rotation_pitch: -1.57
      external_detection_rotation_yaw: 0.0
      filter_coef: 0.1

    # Dock instances
    # The following example illustrates configuring dock instances.
    # docks: ['home_dock']  # Input your docks here
    # home_dock:
    #   type: 'simple_charging_dock'
    #   frame: map
    #   pose: [0.0, 0.0, 0.0]

    controller:
      k_phi: 3.0
      k_delta: 2.0
      v_linear_min: 0.15
      v_linear_max: 0.15

尝试过的解决方法：

1、采用gmapping替换amcl输出map->odom转换，可正常进行导航，无错误，但是无法展示输入的先验地图。
2、先启动map_server独立控制先验地图的生命周期管理，仍报无法找到map->odom的错误

[小伊]

从你描述的问题和配置文件中，我们可以看到几个可能的原因和解决方案。首先，确保你的系统能够正确地生成和发布 map 到 odom 的变换，这是导航过程中非常重要的一个环节。这里有几个步骤可以帮助你检查和解决问题：

1. 确认里程计 (Odometry) 的来源

确保你的小车正在发布有效的里程计数据到 /odom 话题。这通常包括位置（position）和姿态（orientation）信息。你可以使用 rostopic echo /odom 来检查这些数据。

2. 检查 AMCL 配置

从你的 AMCL 配置来看，odom_frame_id 已经被设置为 "odom"，这是正确的。但重要的是要确保 AMCL 能够接收到这个里程计数据。你可以通过查看 AMCL 的日志或使用调试工具来确认 AMCL 是否正在订阅 /odom 话题。

3. 确保 TF 树完整

TF（Transform Trees）是 ROS 中用于处理不同坐标系之间转换的系统。你需要确保 TF 树包含了从 map 到 odom 的转换。你可以使用 ros2 run tf2_ros tf2_echo map odom 来检查这一点。如果没有输出，说明 TF 树中没有这个转换。

4. 检查其他节点的 TF 发布

如果有其他节点（如里程计估计器或 SLAM 系统）负责发布 map 到 odom 的变换，请确保这些节点正在运行并正确配置。

5. 使用 static_transform_publisher

如果其他方法都不奏效，你可以尝试使用 static_transform_publisher 来临时添加一个从 map 到 odom 的静态变换。这可以通过在你的 launch 文件中添加以下内容来实现：

from launch_ros.actions import Node

# ... 其他 launch 配置 ...

def generate_launch_description():
    # ... 其他 launch 逻辑 ...

    # 添加静态变换
    static_transform_publisher = Node(
        package='tf2_ros',
        executable='static_transform_publisher',
        name='static_transform_publisher',
        output='screen',
        arguments=[
            '0.0', '0.0', '0.0',  # translation
            '0.0', '0.0', '0.0', '1.0',  # quaternion (w, x, y, z)
            'map', 'odom',  # source_frame, target_frame
            '10',  # period (in seconds)
        ]
    )

    # ... 其他 launch 逻辑，包括返回所有节点 ...

请注意，这个静态变换只是一个临时的解决方案，它假设 map 和 odom 之间的变换是固定的，这在许多情况下可能不是真的。

6. 检查和更新 ROS 2 和 Nav2 的版本

确保你使用的是 ROS 2 和 Nav2 的最新版本。有时候，一些已知的问题和错误会在新版本中得到修复。

7. 查阅文档和社区

查看 Nav2 的官方文档和社区论坛，看看是否有其他人遇到并解决了类似的问题。

通过这些步骤，你应该能够诊断并解决 AMCL 没有发布 map 到 odom 变换的问题。如果问题仍然存在，可能需要更深入地检查你的系统配置或寻求更专业的帮助。

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以上为生成回答，仅供参考～

[小鱼]

@liang0706 看起来像amcl没有正常工作，正常导航过程中是由amcl提供从map到odom的变换的，重点检查这个模块