shaannj@shaannj-virtual-machine:~$ sudo apt install ros-humble-tf-transformations
[sudo] shaannj 的密码：
正在读取软件包列表... 完成
正在分析软件包的依赖关系树... 完成
正在读取状态信息... 完成
下列【新】软件包将被安装：
ros-humble-tf-transformations
升级了 0 个软件包，新安装了 1 个软件包，要卸载 0 个软件包，有 276 个软件包未被升级。
需要下载 19.6 kB 的归档。
解压缩后会消耗 110 kB 的额外空间。
错误:1 http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ros2/ubuntu jammy/main amd64 ros-humble-tf-transformations amd64 1.1.0-1jammy.20250325.170033
404 Not Found [IP: 2402:f000:1:400::2 80]
E: 无法下载 http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ros2/ubuntu/pool/main/r/ros-humble-tf-transformations/ros-humble-tf-transformations_1.1.0-1jammy.20250325.170033_amd64.deb 404 Not Found [IP: 2402:f000:1:400::2 80]
E: 有几个软件包无法下载，要不运行 apt-get update 或者加上 --fix-missing 的选项再试试？

如题，楼主的ubuntu安装在win11的wsl2上，
numpy是安装在win系统中的，
但是根据AI，一般来说ros2调用numpy，会直接链接到ubuntu之外的numpy即win上的那个。
然后楼主根据AI的建议，重新设置了这个链接。

楼主问AI结果如下：
708ffdef-2232-49d7-a35f-c289188fd931-image.png

重新设置的代码如下。
555e9364-eba2-492b-b4f1-f627cc0fbbd8-image.png

起因：楼主正在学小鱼教程里手搓python节点的练习，colcon和source都正常，也已经安装了numpy，但是ros2 run 的时候报错。报错内容如下。

ros2 run village_li li4_node
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/root/town_ws/install/village_li/lib/village_li/li4_node", line 33, in <module>
sys.exit(load_entry_point('village_li==0.0.0', 'console_scripts', 'li4_node')())
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
File "/root/town_ws/install/village_li/lib/python3.12/site-packages/village_li/li4.py", line 7, in main
li4_node = Node('li4') # 创建节点
^^^^^^^^^^^
File "/opt/ros/jazzy/lib/python3.12/site-packages/rclpy/node.py", line 240, in init
self._parameter_service = ParameterService(self)
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
File "/opt/ros/jazzy/lib/python3.12/site-packages/rclpy/parameter_service.py", line 35, in init
node.create_service(
File "/opt/ros/jazzy/lib/python3.12/site-packages/rclpy/node.py", line 1725, in create_service
check_is_valid_srv_type(srv_type)
File "/opt/ros/jazzy/lib/python3.12/site-packages/rclpy/type_support.py", line 51, in check_is_valid_srv_type
check_for_type_support(srv_type)
File "/opt/ros/jazzy/lib/python3.12/site-packages/rclpy/type_support.py", line 29, in check_for_type_support
msg_or_srv_type.class.import_type_support()
File "/opt/ros/jazzy/lib/python3.12/site-packages/rcl_interfaces/srv/_describe_parameters.py", line 527, in import_type_support
_describe_parameters.Metaclass_DescribeParameters_Event.import_type_support()
File "/opt/ros/jazzy/lib/python3.12/site-packages/rcl_interfaces/srv/_describe_parameters.py", line 341, in import_type_support
from service_msgs.msg import ServiceEventInfo
File "/opt/ros/jazzy/lib/python3.12/site-packages/service_msgs/msg/init.py", line 1, in <module>
from service_msgs.msg._service_event_info import ServiceEventInfo # noqa: F401
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
File "/opt/ros/jazzy/lib/python3.12/site-packages/service_msgs/msg/_service_event_info.py", line 18, in <module>
import numpy # noqa: E402, I100
^^^^^^^^^^^^
ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'numpy'
[ros2run]: Process exited with failure 1

希望各位大神帮帮忙呀！小仙什么都会做的（跪

我在编译一个gazebo仿真项目的时候出现缺少包的情况，这个开源项目的环境是ros2Humble与我的系统环境一致，并且这个项目在intel的NUC工控机上能成功编译并且运行，但是在我自己的电脑上编译出现问题

项目地址：https://github.com/robomaster-oss/rmoss_gazebo.git

系统环境：
Ubuntu22.04
Ros2Humble
笔记本双系统，非ARM架构

spaaaaace@spaaaaace-DRA-XX:~/Code/HBUT2025_rm_vision/lc_navigation/lc_navigation_2025/simulation_ws$ colcon build Starting >>> rmoss_interfaces Starting >>> rmoss_gz_resources Starting >>> rmoss_gz_plugins Starting >>> rmoss_projectile_motion Starting >>> sdformat_tools Finished <<< rmoss_gz_resources [0.23s] Finished <<< rmoss_gz_plugins [0.25s] Finished <<< rmoss_projectile_motion [0.25s] Finished <<< sdformat_tools [0.62s] Starting >>> pb2025_robot_description Finished <<< pb2025_robot_description [0.06s] Finished <<< rmoss_interfaces [0.89s] Starting >>> rmoss_util Starting >>> rmoss_base Starting >>> rmoss_gz_base Starting >>> rmoss_gz_bridge Starting >>> rmoss_gz_cam Finished <<< rmoss_util [0.13s] Starting >>> rmoss_cam Finished <<< rmoss_base [0.13s] --- stderr: rmoss_gz_cam CMake Error at CMakeLists.txt:19 (find_package): By not providing "Findros_gz_bridge.cmake" in CMAKE_MODULE_PATH this project has asked CMake to find a package configuration file provided by "ros_gz_bridge", but CMake did not find one. Could not find a package configuration file provided by "ros_gz_bridge" with any of the following names: ros_gz_bridgeConfig.cmake ros_gz_bridge-config.cmake Add the installation prefix of "ros_gz_bridge" to CMAKE_PREFIX_PATH or set "ros_gz_bridge_DIR" to a directory containing one of the above files. If "ros_gz_bridge" provides a separate development package or SDK, be sure it has been installed. --- Failed <<< rmoss_gz_cam [0.36s, exited with code 1] Aborted <<< rmoss_gz_base [0.41s] Aborted <<< rmoss_gz_bridge [0.42s] Aborted <<< rmoss_cam [0.40s] Summary: 8 packages finished [1.59s] 1 package failed: rmoss_gz_cam 3 packages aborted: rmoss_cam rmoss_gz_base rmoss_gz_bridge 4 packages had stderr output: rmoss_cam rmoss_gz_base rmoss_gz_bridge rmoss_gz_cam 2 packages not processed

缺少ros_gz_bridge这个包，尝试通过apt安装：sudo apt install ros-humble-ros-gz-bridge
报错

spaaaaace@spaaaaace-DRA-XX:~/Code/HBUT2025_rm_vision/lc_navigation/lc_navigation_2025/simulation_ws$ sudo apt install ros-humble-ros-gz-bridge 正在读取软件包列表... 完成 正在分析软件包的依赖关系树... 完成 正在读取状态信息... 完成 没有可用的软件包 ros-humble-ros-gz-bridge，但是它被其它的软件包引用了。 这可能意味着这个缺失的软件包可能已被废弃， 或者只能在其他发布源中找到 E: 软件包 ros-humble-ros-gz-bridge 没有可安装候选

查看官网的文档，使用官方的推荐ROS2Humble下载方法：sudo apt-get install ros-${ROS_DISTRO}-ros-gz还是出现同样的报错

spaaaaace@spaaaaace-DRA-XX:~/Code/HBUT2025_rm_vision/lc_navigation/lc_navigation_2025/simulation_ws$ sudo apt-get install ros-${ROS_DISTRO}-ros-gz 正在读取软件包列表... 完成 正在分析软件包的依赖关系树... 完成 正在读取状态信息... 完成 没有可用的软件包 ros-humble-ros-gz，但是它被其它的软件包引用了。 这可能意味着这个缺失的软件包可能已被废弃， 或者只能在其他发布源中找到 E: 软件包 ros-humble-ros-gz 没有可安装候选

尝试过换源，无果，求助

一、手动切换模式

配置好雷达的wifi_ssid、wifi_pswd、server_ip,net_mode为默认的tcp
将跳帽修改到串口模式，跳帽接法如下图所示

8246065e-2fc2-4743-a448-47e4948113d9-图片.png

二、启动服务

重新拉取docker镜像并启动服务

xhost + && sudo docker run -it --rm -p 8889:8889 -p 8889:8889/udp --privileged -v /dev:/dev -v /tmp/.X11-unix:/tmp/.X11-unix --device /dev/snd -e DISPLAY=unix$DISPLAY registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/fishros/fishbot_laser

启动完成后，可以看到如下界面

ef868a6c-a4fa-4053-ab72-79538b7c20fd-图片.png

三、驱动雷达

保证雷达板在通电状态，
选择1驱动雷达，回车，
选择3有线串口，回车，
接着选择1 /dev/ttyUSB0。我们尝试驱动雷达

25d915a2-b360-4cab-9c6f-88a7d68c5561-图片.png

等待雷达连接，未连接成功请先检查跳线帽是否更换到串口模式

驱动成功后，我们可以打开一个新的终端，输入ros2 topic list，查看是否有scan话题。

ros2 topic list

3fdbe9e5-f359-4ba2-8f79-48cecdb14cb6-图片.png

此时在终端中打开rviz2,

7b15222c-c0e4-4784-8b50-4760957a6e15-图片.png

修改fixed frame为laser_frame，左下角点击add---by topic，添加LaserScan，
cfc168a2-1435-4d0e-8e3c-de655e0c6a84-图片.png

接着修改Qos为Best Effort，接着就能看到雷达的点云数据了
移动雷达，观察点云的变化

2b11e0a1-dafc-4c29-b667-23621795211a-图片.png

四、手动建图测试

使用Crtl+C，打断驱动的运行，回车，
选择4返回上级
选择2建图测试
选择3有线串口
选择1/dev/ttyUSB0

c6ff60e9-e0ff-43aa-8095-8119ed160de2-图片.png

等待片刻，你应该可以直接看到一张地图出现

ae323491-a053-42a4-89de-c5f51db9cb2b-图片.png

你可以将FishBot放到地上，或者用手拿着fishbot，慢慢走一圈，观察地图的变化，也可以直接用键盘控制节点（需要根据上节教程个启动Agent）控制fishbot走一圈，看看能否得到完整的地图。
d0503e59-b7f1-4b8e-8cdb-aa08b452b9b8-图片.png

五、保存地图

我们需要使用一个叫做nav2_map_server的工具。
安装nav2_map_server

sudo apt install ros-$ROS_DISTRO-nav2-map-server

保存地图

ros2 run nav2_map_server map_saver_cli --help

可以看到有下面的用法

Usage: map_saver_cli [arguments] [--ros-args ROS remapping args] Arguments: -h/--help -t <map_topic> -f <mapname> --occ <threshold_occupied> --free <threshold_free> --fmt <image_format> --mode trinary(default)/scale/raw NOTE: --ros-args should be passed at the end of command line

我们的地图话题为map，文件名字我们用fishbot_map,所以有下面这个这样写的命令行。
ros2 run nav2_map_server map_saver_cli -t map -f fishbot_map
接着我们就可以得到下面的两个文件

. ├── fishbot_map.pgm └── fishbot_map.yaml 0 directories, 2 files

这两个文件就是对当前地图保存下来的文件，其中.pgm是地图的数据文件，.yaml后缀的是地图的描述文件。

一、打开配置助手，修改net_mode

跳帽在flash模式下，扫描配置，修改net_mode为udp，针对建图卡顿网络问题优化，udp对网络差的环境有更好的兼容性
82d83fa2-6063-4ba9-b445-aac19b873472-图片.png

二、手动切换模式

配置完成后，将跳线帽调整到WIFI模式

cdfb78a8-adeb-45d1-9949-c11d9d45b756-图片.png

三、启动服务

重新拉取docker镜像并运行：

xhost + && sudo docker run -it --rm -p 8889:8889 -p 8889:8889/udp -v /dev:/dev -v /tmp/.X11-unix:/tmp/.X11-unix --device /dev/snd -e DISPLAY=unix$DISPLAY registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/fishros/fishbot_laser

启动完成后，可以看到如下页面

cc346c82-58de-441c-b770-9936d52d3b10-图片.png

四、驱动测试

保证雷达板在通电状态
选择1驱动雷达，回车
选择2无线udp，回车，我们尝试驱动雷达

0bb1f40f-b525-455e-aa19-62b992e68ebb-图片.png

等待激光雷达udp连接
如果未连接成功，请检查是否符合下述现象和问题：

蓝色LED灯长亮，表示此时在配置模式，请将跳线帽调整至运行模式，LED闪烁表示在运行模式 出现timout count提示，表示雷达板没有数据发送到的电脑，此时应该检查跳线帽是否在WIFI模式，并确定连接了雷达。
驱动成功后，我们可以打开一个新的终端，输入ros2 topic list，查看是否有/scan话题。 ros2 topic list

此时在终端中打开rviz2,修改fixed frame为laser_frame，左下角点击add---by topic，添加LaserScan，

c6ea58a3-0aab-4a9e-8a0f-bb00e894bea8-图片.png

接着修改Qos为Best Effort，接着就能看到雷达的点云数据了
移动雷达，观察点云的变化

f0e48929-c362-43bc-9909-5df28d01c4d2-图片.png

五、手动建图测试

使用Crtl+C，打断驱动的运行，回车，
选择4返回上级
选择2建图测试
选择2无线udp

ae1b462f-0fe0-441e-91f1-86ba5a29567f-图片.png

等待片刻，你应该可以直接看到一张地图出现

a5cdca2e-f532-4a26-a6be-19c964720650-图片.png

你可以将FishBot放到地上，或者用手拿着fishbot，慢慢走一圈，观察地图的变化，也可以直接用键盘控制节点（需要根据上节教程个启动Agent）控制fishbot走一圈，看看能否得到完整的地图。

22bde3c5-5fee-4397-b669-1be9897ce4d3-图片.png

六、保存地图

我们需要使用一个叫做nav2_map_server的工具。
安装nav2_map_server

sudo apt install ros-$ROS_DISTRO-nav2-map-server

保存地图

ros2 run nav2_map_server map_saver_cli --help

可以看到有下面的用法

Usage: map_saver_cli [arguments] [--ros-args ROS remapping args] Arguments: -h/--help -t <map_topic> -f <mapname> --occ <threshold_occupied> --free <threshold_free> --fmt <image_format> --mode trinary(default)/scale/raw NOTE: --ros-args should be passed at the end of command line

我们的地图话题为map，文件名字我们用fishbot_map,所以有下面这个这样写的命令行。
ros2 run nav2_map_server map_saver_cli -t map -f fishbot_map
接着我们就可以得到下面的两个文件

. ├── fishbot_map.pgm └── fishbot_map.yaml 0 directories, 2 files

这两个文件就是对当前地图保存下来的文件，其中.pgm是地图的数据文件，.yaml后缀的是地图的描述文件。

一、手动切换模式

配置助手配置雷达时net_mode默认为tcp
当配置完成后，需要将跳线帽调整到WIFI模式，这样雷达板将会把来自雷达的数据通过wifi转发给tcp服务。
0f1cc291-deda-42eb-a52c-46c6e30836d7-图片.png

调整完后，跳线帽接法如上图所示。

二、启动服务

打开电脑，输入下面的指令，我们使用docker来下载雷达相关的驱动。

xhost + && sudo docker run -it --rm -p 8889:8889 -p 8889:8889/udp -v /dev:/dev -v /tmp/.X11-unix:/tmp/.X11-unix --device /dev/snd -e DISPLAY=unix$DISPLAY registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/fishros/fishbot_laser

下载完成后，你可以看到下面的界面
0c4c4005-51ee-422b-8f56-2711b4433c4b-图片.png

三、驱动测试

保持雷达板在通电状态，输入1，回车，选择1无线tcp，我们尝试驱动雷达
b808fcb5-5643-486f-95a5-3a2b57ecec37-图片.png

看到上述界面，表示驱动成功。
如果没有看到上述界面，请检查是否符合下述现象和问题：

蓝色LED灯长亮，表示此时在配置模式，请将跳线帽调整至运行模式，LED闪烁表示在运行模式 出现timout count提示，表示雷达板没有数据发送到的电脑，此时应该检查跳线帽是否在WIFI模式，并确定连接了雷达。
驱动成功后，我们可以打开一个新的终端，输入ros2 topic list，查看是否有scan话题。 ros2 topic list

5426580f-7835-43ed-86cc-71c6362c61b6-图片.png

在rviz中可视化点云数据：
此时打开rviz2，左下角点击add---by topic，添加LaserScan，并修改fixed frame为laser_frame
96f93e0e-75cb-481e-8ee6-7ad521fa8b87-图片.png

修改Qos为Best Effort，接着就能看到雷达的点云数据了
移动雷达，观察点云的变化
f69d084e-b2d7-45f4-9fd5-83e2835a60bf-图片.png

四、手动建图测试

使用Crtl+C，打断驱动的运行，回车，
选择4返回上级
选择2建图测试
选择1无线tcp
52ade1bc-f6d6-4bc7-ba28-2602093c240c-图片.png

等待片刻，你应该可以直接看到一张地图出现
f3cf1f46-c483-4c2e-8890-569c22f0ee3b-图片.png

你可以将FishBot放到地上，或者用手拿着fishbot，慢慢走一圈，观察地图的变化，也可以直接用键盘控制节点（需要根据上节教程个启动Agent）控制fishbot走一圈，看看能否得到完整的地图。
ef03f587-7142-4062-b0c0-ddb76fddc692-图片.png

五、保存地图

我们需要使用一个叫做nav2_map_server的工具。
安装nav2_map_server

sudo apt install ros-$ROS_DISTRO-nav2-map-server

保存地图

ros2 run nav2_map_server map_saver_cli --help

可以看到有下面的用法

Usage: map_saver_cli [arguments] [--ros-args ROS remapping args] Arguments: -h/--help -t <map_topic> -f <mapname> --occ <threshold_occupied> --free <threshold_free> --fmt <image_format> --mode trinary(default)/scale/raw NOTE: --ros-args should be passed at the end of command line

我们的地图话题为map，文件名字我们用fishbot_map,所以有下面这个这样写的命令行。
ros2 run nav2_map_server map_saver_cli -t map -f fishbot_map
接着我们就可以得到下面的两个文件

. ├── fishbot_map.pgm └── fishbot_map.yaml 0 directories, 2 files

这两个文件就是对当前地图保存下来的文件，其中.pgm是地图的数据文件，.yaml后缀的是地图的描述文件。

e509d2e7-d36f-4582-98f3-e057062825a2-图片.png
为什么下面一直在等待？

源码
import rclpy
from rclpy.node import Node
from chapt4_interfaces.srv import FaceDetector
import face_recognition
import cv2
from ament_index_python.packages import get_package_share_directory #获取功能包share目录绝对路径
import os
from cv_bridge import CvBridge
import time

class FaceDetectNode(Node):
def init(self):
super().init('face_detect_node')
self.service_ = self.create_service(FaceDetector,'face_detect',self.detect_face_callback)
self.bridge = CvBridge()
self.number_of_times_to_upsample = 1
self.model = 'hog'
self.default_image_path = os.path.join(get_package_share_directory('demo_python_service') ,'resource/default.jpeg')
self.get_logger().info("人脸检测服务已经启动！")

def detect_face_callback(self, request, response): if request.image.data: cv_image = self.bridge.imgmsg_to_cv2(request.image) else: cv_image = cv2.imread(self.default_image_path) self.get_logger().info(f"传入图像为空，使用默认图像") #cv_image 已经是一个opencv格式的图像了 start_time = time.time() self.get_logger().info(f"加载完成图像，开始识别") #检测人脸 face_locations = face_recognition.face_locations(cv_image, number_of_times_to_upsample=self.number_of_times_to_upsample,model=self.model) response.use_time = time.time() - start_time response.number = len(face_locations) self.get_logger().info(f"识别完成，耗时：{response.use_time}!秒") for top,right,bottom,left in face_locations: response.top.append(top) response.right.append(right) response.bottom.append(bottom) response.left.append(left) return response #返回【reponse

def main():
rclpy.init()
node = FaceDetectNode()
rclpy.spin(node)
rclpy.shutdown()

ls@ls-OMEN-Gaming-Laptop-16-ae0xxx:~/chapter6/chapter6_ws$ ros2 launch fishbot_description display_robot.launch.py
[INFO] [launch]: All log files can be found below /home/ls/.ros/log/2025-07-14-22-50-13-406014-ls-OMEN-Gaming-Laptop-16-ae0xxx-7918
[INFO] [launch]: Default logging verbosity is set to INFO
[INFO] [robot_state_publisher-1]: process started with pid [7920]
[INFO] [joint_state_publisher-2]: process started with pid [7922]
[INFO] [rviz2-3]: process started with pid [7924]
[robot_state_publisher-1] [INFO] [1752504613.535700714] [robot_state_publisher]: got segment back_caster_link
[robot_state_publisher-1] [INFO] [1752504613.535768118] [robot_state_publisher]: got segment base_footprint
[robot_state_publisher-1] [INFO] [1752504613.535774413] [robot_state_publisher]: got segment base_link
[robot_state_publisher-1] [INFO] [1752504613.535777807] [robot_state_publisher]: got segment camera_link
[robot_state_publisher-1] [INFO] [1752504613.535781003] [robot_state_publisher]: got segment front_caster_link
[robot_state_publisher-1] [INFO] [1752504613.535784553] [robot_state_publisher]: got segment imu_link
[robot_state_publisher-1] [INFO] [1752504613.535787920] [robot_state_publisher]: got segment laser_cylinder_link
[robot_state_publisher-1] [INFO] [1752504613.535791156] [robot_state_publisher]: got segment laser_link
[robot_state_publisher-1] [INFO] [1752504613.535794234] [robot_state_publisher]: got segment left_wheel_link
[robot_state_publisher-1] [INFO] [1752504613.535797336] [robot_state_publisher]: got segment right_wheel_link
[rviz2-3] /opt/ros/humble/lib/rviz2/rviz2: symbol lookup error: /snap/core20/current/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libpthread.so.0: undefined symbol: __libc_pthread_init, version GLIBC_PRIVATE
[ERROR] [rviz2-3]: process has died [pid 7924, exit code 127, cmd '/opt/ros/humble/lib/rviz2/rviz2 -d /home/ls/chapter6/chapter6_ws/install/fishbot_description/share/fishbot_description/config/rviz/display_model.rviz --ros-args'].
[joint_state_publisher-2] [INFO] [1752504613.756091603] [joint_state_publisher]: Waiting for robot_description to be published on the robot_description topic...
^C[WARNING] [launch]: user interrupted with ctrl-c (SIGINT)
[robot_state_publisher-1] [INFO] [1752504624.928440216] [rclcpp]: signal_handler(signum=2)
[INFO] [robot_state_publisher-1]: process has finished cleanly [pid 7920]
[INFO] [joint_state_publisher-2]: process has finished cleanly [pid 7922]

本人C++和python都会一点，不知道需不需要掌握两种语言的写法，就是ROS2的课程

ad3381ef-2366-4abc-9798-645de4ee123f-image.png
256985dd-084c-4c91-ada2-5aa90d9aa1b2-image.png
589e1f14-d6b7-43e2-97f2-d41befc2b719-image.png
这里有什么需要配置的吗

ls@ls-OMEN-Gaming-Laptop-16-ae0xxx:~/chapter6/chapter6_ws$ ros2 launch fishbot_description gazebo_sim.launch.py
[INFO] [launch]: All log files can be found below /home/ls/.ros/log/2025-07-14-19-31-02-736177-ls-OMEN-Gaming-Laptop-16-ae0xxx-43738
[INFO] [launch]: Default logging verbosity is set to INFO
[INFO] [robot_state_publisher-1]: process started with pid [43741]
[INFO] [gzserver-2]: process started with pid [43743]
[INFO] [gzclient-3]: process started with pid [43745]
[INFO] [spawn_entity.py-4]: process started with pid [43747]
[robot_state_publisher-1] [INFO] [1752492663.155872124] [robot_state_publisher]: got segment back_caster_link
[robot_state_publisher-1] [INFO] [1752492663.155987358] [robot_state_publisher]: got segment back_wheel_link
[robot_state_publisher-1] [INFO] [1752492663.156001201] [robot_state_publisher]: got segment base_footprint
[robot_state_publisher-1] [INFO] [1752492663.156010853] [robot_state_publisher]: got segment base_link
[robot_state_publisher-1] [INFO] [1752492663.156019436] [robot_state_publisher]: got segment camera_link
[robot_state_publisher-1] [INFO] [1752492663.156027798] [robot_state_publisher]: got segment front_caster_link
[robot_state_publisher-1] [INFO] [1752492663.156036241] [robot_state_publisher]: got segment imu_link
[robot_state_publisher-1] [INFO] [1752492663.156044576] [robot_state_publisher]: got segment laser_cylinder_link
[robot_state_publisher-1] [INFO] [1752492663.156052841] [robot_state_publisher]: got segment laser_link
[robot_state_publisher-1] [INFO] [1752492663.156060997] [robot_state_publisher]: got segment left_wheel_link
[gzclient-3] Gazebo multi-robot simulator, version 11.10.2
[gzclient-3] Copyright (C) 2012 Open Source Robotics Foundation.
[gzclient-3] Released under the Apache 2 License.
[gzclient-3] http://gazebosim.org
[gzclient-3]
[spawn_entity.py-4] Traceback (most recent call last):
[spawn_entity.py-4] File "/opt/ros/humble/lib/gazebo_ros/spawn_entity.py", line 31, in <module>
[spawn_entity.py-4] from lxml import etree as ElementTree
[spawn_entity.py-4] ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'lxml'
[gzserver-2] Gazebo multi-robot simulator, version 11.10.2
[gzserver-2] Copyright (C) 2012 Open Source Robotics Foundation.
[gzserver-2] Released under the Apache 2 License.
[gzserver-2] http://gazebosim.org
[gzserver-2]
[ERROR] [spawn_entity.py-4]: process has died [pid 43747, exit code 1, cmd '/opt/ros/humble/lib/gazebo_ros/spawn_entity.py -topic /robot_description -entity fishbot --ros-args'].
[gzserver-2] [Wrn] [gazebo_ros_init.cpp:178]
[gzserver-2] # # ####### ####### ### ##### #######
[gzserver-2] ## # # # # # # # #
[gzserver-2] # # # # # # # # #
[gzserver-2] # # # # # # # # #####
[gzserver-2] # # # # # # # # #
[gzserver-2] # ## # # # # # # #
[gzserver-2] # # ####### # ### ##### #######
[gzserver-2]
[gzserver-2] This version of Gazebo, now called Gazebo classic, reaches end-of-life
[gzserver-2] in January 2025. Users are highly encouraged to migrate to the new Gazebo
[gzserver-2] using our migration guides (https://gazebosim.org/docs/latest/gazebo_classic_migration?utm_source=gazebo_ros_pkgs&utm_medium=cli)
[gzserver-2]
[gzserver-2]
[gzclient-3] [Msg] Waiting for master.
[gzclient-3] [Msg] Connected to gazebo master @ http://127.0.0.1:11345
[gzclient-3] [Msg] Publicized address: 10.197.145.93
[gzclient-3] [Err] [InsertModelWidget.cc:403] Missing model.config for model "/home/ls/Desktop/Optical_flow"
[gzclient-3] [Err] [InsertModelWidget.cc:403] Missing model.config for model "/home/ls/Desktop/Sunflower"
[gzclient-3] [Err] [InsertModelWidget.cc:403] Missing model.config for model "/home/ls/Desktop/TensorRT"
[gzclient-3] [Err] [InsertModelWidget.cc:403] Missing model.config for model "/home/ls/Desktop/Test"
[gzclient-3] [Err] [InsertModelWidget.cc:403] Missing model.config for model "/home/ls/Desktop/YOLO"
[gzclient-3] [Err] [InsertModelWidget.cc:403] Missing model.config for model "/home/ls/Desktop/cartographer"
[gzclient-3] [Err] [InsertModelWidget.cc:403] Missing model.config for model "/home/ls/Desktop/define"
[gzclient-3] [Err] [InsertModelWidget.cc:403] Missing model.config for model "/home/ls/Desktop/final_reference"
[gzclient-3] [Err] [InsertModelWidget.cc:403] Missing model.config for model "/home/ls/Desktop/lidarteachws"
[gzclient-3] [Err] [InsertModelWidget.cc:403] Missing model.config for model "/home/ls/Desktop/omniverse"
[gzclient-3] [Err] [InsertModelWidget.cc:403] Missing model.config for model "/home/ls/Desktop/robotcontrol"
[gzclient-3] [Wrn] [Event.cc:61] Warning: Deleting a connection right after creation. Make sure to save the ConnectionPtr from a Connect call
[gzclient-3] [Wrn] [Publisher.cc:135] Queue limit reached for topic /gazebo/default/user_camera/pose, deleting message. This warning is printed only once.
^C[WARNING] [launch]: user interrupted with ctrl-c (SIGINT)
[gzclient-3] [Wrn] [Event.cc:61] Warning: Deleting a connection right after creation. Make sure to save the ConnectionPtr from a Connect call
[robot_state_publisher-1] [INFO] [1752492883.290270574] [rclcpp]: signal_handler(signum=2)
[gzserver-2] [Msg] Waiting for master.
[gzserver-2] [Msg] Connected to gazebo master @ http://127.0.0.1:11345
[gzserver-2] [Msg] Publicized address: 10.197.145.93
[gzserver-2] [Msg] Loading world file [/home/ls/chapter6/chapter6_ws/install/fishbot_description/share/fishbot_description/world/custom_room.world]
[INFO] [robot_state_publisher-1]: process has finished cleanly [pid 43741]
[INFO] [gzserver-2]: process has finished cleanly [pid 43743]
[gzserver-2]
[gzserver-2]
[INFO] [gzclient-3]: process has finished cleanly [pid 43745]
[gzclient-3]
[gzclient-3]

通过网盘分享的文件：FishBot_VMware
链接: https://pan.baidu.com/s/1tVDm_pWtZ0m1XENqSAKLUg?pwd=fish 提取码: fish
--来自百度网盘超级会员v2的分享

1、下载网盘里的文件
a7bb14e0-6876-44a9-8f4c-85dbf659b4ad-image.png

2、打开VMware-workstation-full-17.5.2-23775571.exe，一直点击下一步，安装VMware。在最后一步完成时输入密钥，密钥为VM全版本许可证密钥里的VMware-workstation 17的密钥。
安装完成之后桌面上会有如下图标
14992647-5f13-4378-9109-77fc5f6bdfbe-image.png

3、解压网盘里的镜像文件压缩包
095bca56-ce46-486a-9391-011741d79a3e-image.png

4、双击点开VMware，在文件里面打开解压得到的Ubuntu22_FishBot
0b899981-1ccb-407c-a92d-408630e63035-image.png
e3abc024-40da-49e5-808a-eff512aeda56-image.png

5、打开之后会弹出导入虚拟机的弹窗，给虚拟机起一个名字，安排合适的路径
5fa6ea21-667e-4f4d-b2ff-39312bace706-image.png

设置完之后点击导入

6、导入之后，在编辑虚拟机设置里面可以修改内存大小，直接点击“开启此虚拟机”进入fishros的虚拟机，密码ros
59a3a74d-ec21-460c-a176-21b54bb289d6-image.png

主机无法接收到机器人的发送，通过tcpdump抓包，在主机向机器人发送数据时，两端都能够抓取到数据包，而机器人向主机发送时，仅在机器人端能够抓取到数据包。
想要完成在主机接受机身摄像头发布的图像数据，但是主机无法发现机器人发布的主题

安装mirco-ROS-Agent，colcon build时，出现如下错误

7fcd7191-e5ec-49f7-ad18-e878624fcd45-image.png

我的系统是ubuntu20.04，用的ros是galactic,我在同步之前录制了一个bag包，包含6个相机和一个激光雷达的信息系，下面是bag包的相关信息：

c606@ubuntu:~/fyx/data_bag$ ros2 bag info rosbag2_2025_07_10-03_25_26 Files: rosbag2_2025_07_10-03_25_26_0.db3 Bag size: 2.4 GiB Storage id: sqlite3 Duration: 17.252s Start: Jul 10 2025 03:25:28.197 (1752143128.197) End: Jul 10 2025 03:25:45.450 (1752143145.450) Messages: 999 Topic information: Topic: /rslidar_points | Type: sensor_msgs/msg/PointCloud2 | Count: 173 | Serialization Format: cdr Topic: /camera1/pylon_ros2_camera_node/image_raw | Type: sensor_msgs/msg/Image | Count: 135 | Serialization Format: cdr Topic: /camera3/pylon_ros2_camera_node/image_raw | Type: sensor_msgs/msg/Image | Count: 137 | Serialization Format: cdr Topic: /camera2/pylon_ros2_camera_node/image_raw | Type: sensor_msgs/msg/Image | Count: 123 | Serialization Format: cdr Topic: /camera4/pylon_ros2_camera_node/image_raw | Type: sensor_msgs/msg/Image | Count: 144 | Serialization Format: cdr Topic: /camera5/pylon_ros2_camera_node/image_raw | Type: sensor_msgs/msg/Image | Count: 146 | Serialization Format: cdr Topic: /camera6/pylon_ros2_camera_node/image_raw | Type: sensor_msgs/msg/Image | Count: 141 | Serialization Format: cdr

接着我写了一个功能包，作用是接受相机和雷达的话题，将话题内容同步后再以话题的形式发送出去，在写好节点代码后，我先通过命令ros2 run sys_time sys_time_node开启节点，再通过ros2 bag record -o synced_bag /clock $(ros2 topic list | grep "synced")命令开启录制，最后通过ros2 bag play rosbag2_2025_07_10-03_25_26 --loop --clock --read-ahead-queue-size 10000命令播放原始bag包。

在播放bag包后我发现同步节点的回调函数没有被调用，结束录制命令后我通过rqt_bag synced_bag命令查看时间戳，发现没有时间戳，这证明同步未进行或者同步失败了。

下面是我同步节点的运行日志：
c606@ubuntu:~/fyx/e2e_ws$ ros2 run sys_time sys_time_node
[INFO] [1752477350.845923197] [multi_sensor_sync]: 🚀 多传感器同步节点已启动 (ApproximateTime策略)
[WARN] [1752477359.044116748] []: Messages of type 6 arrived out of order (will print only once)
[WARN] [1752477376.810937820] []: Messages of type 3 arrived out of order (will print only once)
[WARN] [1752477376.825926258] []: Messages of type 0 arrived out of order (will print only once)
[WARN] [1752477376.831166002] []: Messages of type 2 arrived out of order (will print only once)
[WARN] [1752477376.840478915] []: Messages of type 5 arrived out of order (will print only once)
[WARN] [1752477376.891147241] []: Messages of type 1 arrived out of order (will print only once)
[WARN] [1752477377.102514764] []: Messages of type 4 arrived out of order (will print only once)

下面是我的同步节点代码：

#include <rclcpp/rclcpp.hpp> #include <sensor_msgs/msg/image.hpp> #include <sensor_msgs/msg/point_cloud2.hpp> #include <message_filters/subscriber.h> #include <message_filters/synchronizer.h> #include <message_filters/sync_policies/approximate_time.h> using ImageMsg = sensor_msgs::msg::Image; using PointCloud2Msg = sensor_msgs::msg::PointCloud2; class MultiSensorSync : public rclcpp::Node { public: MultiSensorSync() : Node("multi_sensor_sync") { // 增强QoS配置 auto qos = rclcpp::SensorDataQoS() .keep_last(20) // 增大缓存队列 .reliable() // 可靠传输模式 .durability_volatile(); // 允许历史数据 initPublishers(qos); initSubscribersAndSync(qos); RCLCPP_INFO(this->get_logger(), "🚀 多传感器同步节点已启动 (ApproximateTime策略)"); } private: void initPublishers(const rclcpp::QoS& qos) { for (int i = 0; i < 6; ++i) { cam_pubs_.push_back( this->create_publisher<ImageMsg>("/camera" + std::to_string(i+1) + "/synced/image_raw", qos) ); } lidar_pub_ = this->create_publisher<PointCloud2Msg>("/rslidar_points/synced", qos); } void initSubscribersAndSync(const rclcpp::QoS& qos) { // 创建相机订阅器 for (int i = 0; i < 6; ++i) { cam_subs_.push_back( std::make_shared<message_filters::Subscriber<ImageMsg>>( this, "/camera" + std::to_string(i+1) + "/pylon_ros2_camera_node/image_raw", qos.get_rmw_qos_profile() ) ); } // 创建雷达订阅器 lidar_sub_ = std::make_shared<message_filters::Subscriber<PointCloud2Msg>>( this, "/rslidar_points", qos.get_rmw_qos_profile() ); // 配置ApproximateTime策略 using SyncPolicy = message_filters::sync_policies::ApproximateTime< ImageMsg, ImageMsg, ImageMsg, ImageMsg, ImageMsg, ImageMsg, PointCloud2Msg>; // 创建同步器（增大时间窗口） sync_ = std::make_shared<message_filters::Synchronizer<SyncPolicy>>( SyncPolicy(50), // 队列大小增至50 *cam_subs_[0], *cam_subs_[1], *cam_subs_[2], *cam_subs_[3], *cam_subs_[4], *cam_subs_[5], *lidar_sub_ ); // 注册回调并绑定生命周期 sync_->registerCallback( std::bind(&MultiSensorSync::syncCallback, this, std::placeholders::_1, std::placeholders::_2, std::placeholders::_3, std::placeholders::_4, std::placeholders::_5, std::placeholders::_6, std::placeholders::_7 ) ); } void syncCallback( const ImageMsg::ConstSharedPtr& cam1, const ImageMsg::ConstSharedPtr& cam2, const ImageMsg::ConstSharedPtr& cam3, const ImageMsg::ConstSharedPtr& cam4, const ImageMsg::ConstSharedPtr& cam5, const ImageMsg::ConstSharedPtr& cam6, const PointCloud2Msg::ConstSharedPtr& lidar) { // 使用第一个相机的时间戳作为基准 //const auto& base_stamp = cam1->header.stamp; const auto& base_stamp = lidar->header.stamp; // 发布所有相机数据（统一时间戳） publishWithStamp(cam_pubs_[0], cam1, base_stamp); publishWithStamp(cam_pubs_[1], cam2, base_stamp); publishWithStamp(cam_pubs_[2], cam3, base_stamp); publishWithStamp(cam_pubs_[3], cam4, base_stamp); publishWithStamp(cam_pubs_[4], cam5, base_stamp); publishWithStamp(cam_pubs_[5], cam6, base_stamp); // 发布雷达数据（统一时间戳） auto new_lidar = std::make_shared<PointCloud2Msg>(*lidar); new_lidar->header.stamp = base_stamp; lidar_pub_->publish(*new_lidar); // 修复时间戳访问方式 RCLCPP_INFO(this->get_logger(), "🔥 同步发布 @ %d.%09d", base_stamp.sec, base_stamp.nanosec); } void publishWithStamp(rclcpp::Publisher<ImageMsg>::SharedPtr pub, const ImageMsg::ConstSharedPtr& msg, const builtin_interfaces::msg::Time& stamp) { auto new_msg = std::make_shared<ImageMsg>(*msg); new_msg->header.stamp = stamp; pub->publish(*new_msg); } // 成员变量 std::vector<rclcpp::Publisher<ImageMsg>::SharedPtr> cam_pubs_; std::vector<std::shared_ptr<message_filters::Subscriber<ImageMsg>>> cam_subs_; rclcpp::Publisher<PointCloud2Msg>::SharedPtr lidar_pub_; std::shared_ptr<message_filters::Subscriber<PointCloud2Msg>> lidar_sub_; using SyncPolicy = message_filters::sync_policies::ApproximateTime< ImageMsg, ImageMsg, ImageMsg, ImageMsg, ImageMsg, ImageMsg, PointCloud2Msg>; std::shared_ptr<message_filters::Synchronizer<SyncPolicy>> sync_; }; int main(int argc, char** argv) { rclcpp::init(argc, argv); rclcpp::executors::MultiThreadedExecutor executor; auto node = std::make_shared<MultiSensorSync>(); executor.add_node(node); executor.spin(); rclcpp::shutdown(); return 0; }

最后还有一点，我录制的原始bag中相机和雷达的频率在10hz左右，下面是原始bag中的时间戳截图：
Screenshot from 2025-07-14 00-46-07.png

rviz中Map no map received,没有接受到地图信息 目前发现是时间不一致导致的，问如何解决

20463530-d3c1-4bc8-b699-776cafed8f9d-image.png

rviz显示如下

8f421ede-a828-4232-a3b4-0ae7983716fe-image.png

rqt显示如下

3dcb6256-528d-483f-8a24-980a0329e5b0-image.png

查看 map 无数据输出 odom无相关话题

62e41c4b-f894-4f64-b0a6-5683e2b3e1bc-image.png

f468274a-ce94-4134-b849-ba15812a7b10-image.png

scan有输出

8aedd05c-c5b2-43da-91db-7c65337983a7-image.png
851cdefd-0755-4a22-beeb-0a5c4212a9fe-image.png

gazebo_sim.launch.py 代码 import launch import launch_ros from ament_index_python.packages import get_package_share_directory from launch.launch_description_sources import PythonLaunchDescriptionSource def generate_launch_description(): # 获取默认路径 robot_name_in_model = "fishbot" urdf_tutorial_path = get_package_share_directory('fishbot_description') default_model_path = urdf_tutorial_path + '/urdf/fishbot/firstbot.urdf.xacro' default_world_path = urdf_tutorial_path + '/world/custom_room.world' # 为 Launch 声明参数 action_declare_arg_mode_path = launch.actions.DeclareLaunchArgument( name='model', default_value=str(default_model_path), description='URDF 的绝对路径') # 获取文件内容生成新的参数 robot_description = launch_ros.parameter_descriptions.ParameterValue( launch.substitutions.Command( ['xacro ', launch.substitutions.LaunchConfiguration('model')]), value_type=str) robot_state_publisher_node = launch_ros.actions.Node( package='robot_state_publisher', executable='robot_state_publisher', parameters=[{'robot_description': robot_description}] ) # 通过 IncludeLaunchDescription 包含另外一个 launch 文件 launch_gazebo = launch.actions.IncludeLaunchDescription( PythonLaunchDescriptionSource([get_package_share_directory( 'gazebo_ros'), '/launch', '/gazebo.launch.py']), # 传递参数 launch_arguments=[('world', default_world_path),('verbose','true')] ) # 请求 Gazebo 加载机器人 spawn_entity_node = launch_ros.actions.Node( package='gazebo_ros', executable='spawn_entity.py', arguments=['-topic', '/robot_description', '-entity', robot_name_in_model, ]) # 加载并激活 fishbot_joint_state_broadcaster 控制器 load_joint_state_controller = launch.actions.ExecuteProcess( cmd=['ros2', 'control', 'load_controller', '--set-state', 'active', 'fishbot_joint_state_broadcaster'], output='screen' ) # 加载并激活 fishbot_effort_controller 控制器 load_fishbot_effort_controller = launch.actions.ExecuteProcess( cmd=['ros2', 'control', 'load_controller', '--set-state', 'active','fishbot_effort_controller'], output='screen') load_fishbot_diff_drive_controller = launch.actions.ExecuteProcess( cmd=['ros2', 'control', 'load_controller', '--set-state', 'active','fishbot_diff_drive_controller'], output='screen') return launch.LaunchDescription([ action_declare_arg_mode_path, robot_state_publisher_node, launch_gazebo, spawn_entity_node, # 事件动作，当加载机器人结束后执行 launch.actions.RegisterEventHandler( event_handler=launch.event_handlers.OnProcessExit( target_action=spawn_entity_node, on_exit=[load_joint_state_controller],) ), # 事件动作，load_fishbot_diff_drive_controller launch.actions.RegisterEventHandler( event_handler=launch.event_handlers.OnProcessExit( target_action=load_joint_state_controller, on_exit=[load_fishbot_diff_drive_controller],) ), ])

42917dc4-86c4-4dce-9796-ecfb8cbe83f5-d0680705-af49-4751-90f3-d136d009ab53.png，出现了如下bug，怎么解决呢

导航时一跑地图就飘了怎么办

~/chapt4/chapt4_ws$ colcon build
Starting >>> chapt4_interfaces
--- stderr: chapt4_interfaces
CMake Error at /opt/ros/jazzy/share/rosidl_adapter/cmake/rosidl_adapt_interfaces.cmake:57 (message):
execute_process(/usr/bin/python3 -m rosidl_adapter --package-name
chapt4_interfaces --arguments-file
/home/zhaoyibo/chapt4/chapt4_ws/build/chapt4_interfaces/rosidl_adapter__arguments__chapt4_interfaces.json
--output-dir
/home/zhaoyibo/chapt4/chapt4_ws/build/chapt4_interfaces/rosidl_adapter/chapt4_interfaces
--output-file
/home/zhaoyibo/chapt4/chapt4_ws/build/chapt4_interfaces/rosidl_adapter/chapt4_interfaces.idls)
returned error code 1:

TypeError processing template 'srv.idl.em'

Traceback (most recent call last):

File "<frozen runpy>", line 198, in _run_module_as_main File "<frozen runpy>", line 88, in _run_code File "/opt/ros/jazzy/lib/python3.12/site-packages/rosidl_adapter/__main__.py", line 19, in <module> sys.exit(main()) ^^^^^^ File "/opt/ros/jazzy/lib/python3.12/site-packages/rosidl_adapter/main.py", line 53, in main abs_idl_file = convert_to_idl( ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ File "/opt/ros/jazzy/lib/python3.12/site-packages/rosidl_adapter/__init__.py", line 24, in convert_to_idl return convert_srv_to_idl( ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ File "/opt/ros/jazzy/lib/python3.12/site-packages/rosidl_adapter/srv/__init__.py", line 39, in convert_srv_to_idl expand_template('srv.idl.em', data, output_file, encoding='iso-8859-1') File "/opt/ros/jazzy/lib/python3.12/site-packages/rosidl_adapter/resource/__init__.py", line 29, in expand_template content = evaluate_template(template_name, data) ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ File "/opt/ros/jazzy/lib/python3.12/site-packages/rosidl_adapter/resource/__init__.py", line 65, in evaluate_template _interpreter = em( ^^^

TypeError: 'module' object is not callable

Call Stack (most recent call first):
/opt/ros/jazzy/share/rosidl_cmake/cmake/rosidl_generate_interfaces.cmake:132 (rosidl_adapt_interfaces)
CMakeLists.txt:13 (rosidl_generate_interfaces)

Failed <<< chapt4_interfaces [0.58s, exited with code 1]